Ngā āhuatanga o ngā kākahu hākinakina

Ko te mahi nui rawa atu ongā kākahu hākinakinakia whakanuia te pūmanawa o ngā kaitākaro i te wā e whakakorikori tinana ana, me te mea he pai ki te mau i ngā mahi o waho, me te mea hoki

ka taea te tiaki i te tinana tangata mai i ngā kino.

Mahi:

1. Ārai i te poke me te ngāwari ki te whakakore:

He maha ngā tāngata hākinakina o waho e hikoi ana i roto i ngā maunga me ngā ngahere paru, mākū, ā, kāore e kore ka paru ngā kākahu. Me āta titiro te āhua o tekākahu

me tino uaua te poke i ngā poke, ā, kia oti te poke, me ngāwari te horoi me te tango. Mā te whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga o te mata o te muka ka nui ake te

te taumahatanga o te mata o te papanga, ka uaua ai te hinu me ētahi atu paru ki te uru ki roto i te papanga. Ka taea te tango i ngā paru iti ki te kakahu haukū, ā, he ngāwari te tango i ngā paru taumaha

ma. Ehara i te mea ka taea e te whakaotinga ārai-paru te ārai i te parahanga hinu anake, engari he āhuatanga ātete-wai me te uru-makuku hoki. Ko te tikanga ka kiia ko te "whakaotinga ārai-toru" (wai-

(he ārai i te paru, he ārai hinu, he ārai poke hoki), he tikanga whakaoti matū matatau, he whai hua hoki. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ki te paparanga o waho o ngā kākahu me te papanga

te whakaoti i ngā peke tuara, ngā hū, me ngā tēneti.

2. Ārai wai me te uruhanga makuku:

Ka puta te werawera nui i te wā o ngā hākinakina, ā, kāore e kore ka tūtaki ki te hau me te ua i waho. He rerekētanga tēnei i roto i a ia anō: me āhei te ārai i te ua me te hukarere mai i

kia mākū, ā, me kaha hoki ki te tuku i te werawera e tukuna ana e te tinana i roto i te wā. He waimarie, ka tukuna e te tinana tangata te mamaoa wai i roto i te āhua kotahi o te ngota ngota, i te mea ko te ua me te

he pata wai wai te hukarere i roto i te āhua whakakotahi, ā, he rerekē rawa ngā rahinga. Hei tāpiri, he āhuatanga tō te wai wai e kiia nei ko te kukū mata, koia te

he āhuatanga o te kohikohi i tōna ake rōrahi. Ko te wai e kitea ana e tātou i runga i te rau rōhi he rite ki ngā pata wai kirikiri, kaua ki ngā ira wai papatahi. Nā te mea he paparanga o

huruhuru ware pi i runga i te mata o te rau rōhi, kāore e taea e ngā pata wai te horapa me te uru ki tēnei paparanga o te huruhuru ware pi nā te pānga o te taumahatanga o te mata. Ki te whakarewahia e koe he pata o

te hopi horoi, te paura horoi rānei ki roto i ngā pata wai, nā te mea ka taea e te hopi horoi te whakaiti i te kukū o te mata o te wai, ka memeha tonu ngā pata wai, ā,

horahia ki runga i ngā rau rōhi.

Ngā kākahu ārai-wai, ā, ka taea te uru ki te makukue whakamahi ana i ngā āhuatanga o te kume o te mata o te wai hei pani i tētahi paparanga o te PTFE ki runga i te papanga (he rite tonu te hanganga matū ki tērā o

te "kingi muka ātete-waikura" polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, engari he rerekē te hanganga ā-tinana) hei whakarei ake i te taumahatanga o te mata o te papanga. Mā te paninga matū ka

Ka whakakīkī ngā pata wai kia rite ki te taea, me te kore e horapa atu, e uru ki te mata o te kakahu, kia kore ai e taea te uru ki ngā pūwero o te kiko kakahu. I taua wā anō

i te wā, he porous tēnei paninga, ā, ka taea te tohatoha maeneene i te mamaoa wai i roto i te āhua monomolecular ki te mata o te papanga mā roto i ngā awa capillary i waenganui i te

ngā muka.

3. Ārai-pūmau me te ārai-ira

Ko te piki maunga te kaupapa matua o ngā hākinakina o waho. Haunga ngā ngahere matotoru tawhito, ko ngā maunga teitei me ngā papa whenua kei runga ake i te 3,000 mita i runga ake i te taumata o te moana te nuinga o te wā.

he maroke rawa nā te iti o te pēhanga hau, he ngāwari te mimiti o te makuku, ā, ko ngā kākahu o waho he mea hanga ki ngā papanga matū nanofiber. Nō reira, ko te raru o te hiko pateko

he nui ake te kitea. Ko ngā tūponotanga o te hiko pateko ka kitea whānuitia ko te ngawari o te pupuhi me te puranga o ngā kākahu, te ngawari o te paru me te puehu, te ru hiko me te piri.

ina tata ki te kiri, me ētahi atu. Mena kei a koe ngā taputapu hiko matatau pēnei i te kāpehu hiko, te mita teitei, te kaiwhakatere GPS, me ētahi atu, tera pea ka whakakorikoria e te hiko pateko o

ngā kākahu, ā, ka puta he hapa, ka pā mai he hua kino.

4. Te pupuri i te mahana:

Ahakoa he hononga tata te pupuri mahana ki te matotoru o te papanga, kaua e taumaha rawa mōngā hākinakina o waho, nō reira me mahana, me mārama hoki kia tutuki ai te

ngā whakaritenga motuhake mō ngā kākahu hākinakina o waho. Ko te tikanga tino noa ko te tāpiri i ngā paura uku motuhake pērā i te chromium oxide, te konupora oxide, me te zirconia ki te hanga

ngā otinga miro muka pērā i te polyester, inā koa ngā paura uku pai rawa atu, ka taea te mimiti i te mārama e kitea ana pērā i te rā, ka huri hei Pūngao wera.

whakaata i ngā hihi infrared tawhiti e tukuna ana e te tinana tangata, nō reira he tino pai te tiaki wera me te mahi rokiroki wera. Ko te tikanga, ko te paura uku infrared tawhiti, te mea here

ā, ka taea hoki te hanga i te kaihoko honohono hei kaihoko whakaoti, ā, ka taea te pani i te papanga whatu, kātahi ka whakamarokehia, ka tunua kia piri ai te paura nano-uku ki te

te mata o te papanga me te miro. i waenganui. Ka tukuna e tēnei kaihoko whakaoti ngā hihi infrared tawhiti me te roangaru o te 8-14 圱, ā, he mahi tiaki hauora anō hoki pērā i te ārai huakita,

te tango haunga, me te whakatairanga i te rere o te toto.